Barbell Split Squat: How to Do It, Muscles Worked and Loading
How to do a barbell split squat from a rack: stance length and width, cues, muscles worked, mistakes, front-rack variation and how heavy to go.
By Nadia Popescu, Strength & Conditioning Writer · Updated 12 November 2026
A good bench press program has you benching two or three times a week, with one heavy day, one higher-rep day and an optional lighter technique day, and it raises the weight in small planned steps for seven weeks before you test in week eight. The plan below does exactly that. Every weight is a percentage of a training max you can work out from a set of five, so you never need to grind a risky single to get started.
It's our own programme, written for lifters who've benched for at least six months and whose progress has slowed. If you're newer than that, you'll get further by adding 2.5kg a week to three sets of five until that stops working; come back when it does.
Warm up, then load a weight you think you could press five or six times. Do as many clean reps as you can while keeping one in the tank: same touch point on every rep, no bounce, bum on the bench. Anything between 3 and 6 reps gives a usable estimate.
Put the result into the Epley formula:
Estimated 1RM = weight x (1 + reps / 30)
Say you pressed 80kg for 5. That's 80 x (1 + 5/30) = 93.3kg. Round it down to the nearest 2.5kg, never up, so your training max is 92.5kg. The formula gets less reliable as reps climb, so don't feed it a set of 12.
To plug it in, multiply your training max by each percentage in the table and round to the nearest 2.5kg. With a 92.5kg training max, 75% is 69.4kg, which you'd load as 70kg. Work everything out for all eight weeks before session one and write it down, because doing sums between sets is how people end up with the wrong weight on the bar.
Bench on non-consecutive days: Monday, Wednesday and Friday, or Monday and Thursday for the two-day version. Sets and reps are written sets x reps, and the last column shows the heavy day for someone with a 100kg training max.
| Week | Day 1: heavy | Day 2: volume | Day 3: paused (optional) | Day 1 at 100kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 x 5 at 75% | 4 x 8 at 65% | 5 x 3 at 65% | 75kg |
| 2 | 4 x 5 at 77.5% | 4 x 8 at 67.5% | 5 x 3 at 67.5% | 77.5kg |
| 3 | 5 x 4 at 80% | 4 x 7 at 70% | 5 x 3 at 70% | 80kg |
| 4 (deload) | 3 x 5 at 70% | 3 x 6 at 60% | Rest | 70kg |
| 5 | 5 x 3 at 85% | 4 x 6 at 72.5% | 4 x 3 at 72.5% | 85kg |
| 6 | 4 x 3 at 87.5% | 4 x 5 at 75% | 4 x 2 at 75% | 87.5kg |
| 7 | 3 x 2 at 90% | 3 x 5 at 75% | 3 x 2 at 75% | 90kg |
| 8 (test) | 3 x 3 at 70% | 2 x 2 at 65% | Test day | 70kg |
A few rules make the table work. Rest 3 to 4 minutes between heavy sets and about 2 minutes on the volume day. On Day 3, every rep stops dead on your chest for a full second before you press, which is why the weights look light; it's practice, and no set should feel slow. Week 4 is a planned deload week, so don't skip it because you feel fine.
Running it twice a week? Drop Day 3 and keep Days 1 and 2 as written, then pause the first rep of every Day 2 set so you still get some of that practice.
For most people, yes, though by less than the internet suggests. A meta-analysis of weekly training frequency and strength pooled 12 studies and found upper body strength gains were greater at three or more sessions a week than at one, while two sessions and one came out similar. When total volume was matched, frequency stopped mattering. So the third day earns its place by adding quality sets, and the two-day version is a perfectly good plan if that's what your week allows.
Bench light on Monday and Wednesday, rest Thursday and Friday, and test on Saturday. With a competent spotter you can work up in singles: 70%, 80%, 90%, then 97.5% and a small jump past your old max if that moved well. Three attempts above 95% is plenty.
Training alone? Don't max out. Load 90% of your old training max, do as many clean reps as you can with one left in reserve, and run the Epley sum again. Three reps at 90kg gives 99kg; five gives 105kg. That number becomes your training max for the next cycle.
Do these after your bench sets. Stop each set one or two reps short of failure, and add weight only when you hit the top of the rep range on every set.
| Day | Exercise | Sets x reps |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Close-grip bench press | 3 x 6 to 8 |
| 1 | Barbell row | 4 x 6 to 8 |
| 1 | Tricep pushdown | 3 x 10 to 12 |
| 2 | Dumbbell bench press | 3 x 8 to 10 |
| 2 | Chest-supported row | 4 x 8 to 10 |
| 2 | Skull crushers | 3 x 10 to 12 |
| 2 | Face pulls | 3 x 15 |
| 3 | Incline bench press | 3 x 6 to 8 |
| 3 | Lat pulldown | 4 x 8 to 10 |
Close-grip work is there for your triceps, which finish every rep. Expect to use less weight on it: in a study of grip width in 28 men, six-rep-max loads were lower with a narrow grip than with medium or wide, and a wide grip produced less triceps activity than the other two. Rows match your pressing set for set to keep your shoulders happy.
After a cycle or two you can swap the Day 3 paused bench for a Larsen press if your leg drive hides a weak chest, or a Spoto press if you lose tightness at the bottom. Change one thing per cycle, or you won't know what helped.
Missing reps on one session isn't a stall. Repeat that session next time you're due to do it, and move on if it goes.
If you miss the same session twice, cut your training max by 5%, recalculate, and carry on from the same week. It feels like going backwards. It's usually just correcting a starting number that was a little generous, and that accounts for more failed cycles than anything else I can think of.
Then look outside the gym. Seven weeks of rising weights won't work on five hours of sleep or while you're losing bodyweight quickly. And check your jumps: 2.5% of a 60kg training max is 1.5kg, which standard 1.25kg plates can't load, so fractional plates let you follow the table instead of rounding every week up.
Check price on AmazonRun through this before every working set. Our bench press guide covers each point in detail.
A heavy bench is the one common lift that can pin you by the neck, so plan for a failed rep before it happens.
Bench inside a power rack or half rack with the safety bars or spotter arms set just below where the bar touches your chest when you're arched. Test the height with an empty bar: flatten your back and the bar should rest on the safeties with your chest and throat clear. A solid weight bench that doesn't wobble matters too, since a shifting bench ruins your shoulder position.
No safeties? Leave the collars off so you can tilt the bar and dump the plates, keep a rep in reserve on every set, and never use a thumbless grip. That's a workaround and I wouldn't run weeks 5 to 7 on it. Use dumbbells or the floor press for the heavy day instead, and see chest press vs bench press if a machine is on the table.
I'm not going to quote a guaranteed gain, because no honest programme can. How much you add depends mostly on how long you've been training. A lifter in their first year might finish with a clearly heavier test than they started with; someone five years in could reasonably call 2.5kg a good cycle.
What the plan does reliably give you is about 20 quality bench sessions, more practice at heavy triples and doubles than most gym routines offer, and a new training max based on evidence. Run it again with the new number. If you'd like the same idea spread across squat and deadlift with more muscle-building work, our powerbuilding program or an upper lower split is the better fit.
Twice a week is the minimum I'd programme, and three times suits most people who can recover from it. A 2018 meta-analysis found upper body strength gains were larger with three or more sessions a week than with one, while two sessions and one came out similar. The extra day mostly works because it gives you more practice and more total sets.
Nobody can promise you a number. Someone in their first year of benching often adds weight most weeks, while a lifter with five years behind them might be pleased with 2.5kg from a whole cycle. Your sleep, bodyweight, age and how honest your starting max was all change the result.
No. Take a weight you can press for 3 to 6 clean reps, stop one rep short of failure, and put it through the Epley formula: weight x (1 + reps / 30). Round the answer down to the nearest 2.5kg and use that as your training max. It's safer than a true max attempt, especially if you train alone.
Miss one session and you repeat it next time. Miss the same session twice and you cut your training max by 5%, then carry on from that week. Most stalls trace back to a starting max that was too optimistic, too little sleep or food, or jumps that are too big, which is where fractional plates help.
Yes, as long as you bench inside a rack or stand with safety bars or spotter arms set just below your chest height when arched. Without safeties, leave the collars off so you can tip the plates off one side, never use a thumbless grip, and stop every set with a rep in hand. Dumbbells or the floor press are the safer swap if you have no safeties at all.
The plan already includes close-grip bench, dumbbell pressing and triceps work, and that's enough pressing for most people. Add rows or pulldowns set for set with your pressing so your shoulders stay balanced. Piling extra flyes and machine presses on top usually costs you recovery for the heavy day.
How to do a barbell split squat from a rack: stance length and width, cues, muscles worked, mistakes, front-rack variation and how heavy to go.
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Dorian Yates' workout laid out day by day: the 4-day Blood and Guts split, one all-out set per exercise, what research says and a version for normal lifters.
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